学习托福听力究竟应不应该听写
由于托福竟然要求100分的高分，因此托福听力往往只有拿到26分以上的分数，才能够安心放手其他几个单项的分数。相应的，如果听力拿到26分的话，那么其实所有听力题一共仅允许错4个。但是很多考友在刚开始做TPO的时候，错10几个是非常正常的事情。
这时候，很多大牛会告诉你，做听写吧，踏踏实实提高自己的听力水平。
一般来说，听写的步骤是这样：
1.打开音频，从头开始，向后听。
2.一次听一小段，建议听5秒左右的长度。如果听出来了，换句话说，也就是知道是哪些单词，就写下来。
3.如果不知道是哪些单词，就再听最多5遍，如果能听出来，就写下来，如果听不出来，就查一下金山词霸，看看模糊查询里有没有正确答案。如果还没有，那么就先听后面的内容，等到整套听写都结束了之后，再看原文。如此循环往复，听完原文。
4.听写结束之后，用软件将自己听写的文本与原文进行对比，找出不同点。
5.将那些自己与原文不一致的地方，全都重新听5遍，保证这个单词的发音记在自己的脑子里。
考友们会发现，按照听写的方法，一篇5分钟的材料，起码需要一个小时才能完成听写，对于基础不好的同学，甚至可能需要更多的时间，才能在多次听写后，对该篇材料保证达到95%的正确率。但即使连续听写一个月，就这个强度，也只是隔靴挠痒而已！
那么同学是否有过这样的经历，一直听写却也不提高呢？
其实听写本身最终也是为了听懂来进行服务的！人类在说话的时候，就是会对一些自己很熟悉的声音进行吞音，省略，不管是英语，还是中文，亦或者任何一种语言，都会有这样的特点的！这些吞音、省略等，都不是我们可以通过自己的耳朵来解决的，要想搞定这些吞音、省略等问题，则是必须通过语法、前后文的意思、以及逻辑等问题来综合解决！也就是说，如果我们单纯的听音，然后将单词写出来，那么将不可避免的对于一些小词判断错误。
而且在英语里也是有一些发音非常类似的词，比如说or与all，再比如说affect与effect这些都是我们在听写的时候容易犯错的词，这些词虽然，我们将其单独拿出来的时候，都很少犯错，但是一旦放在句子之中的时候，我们就会发现，这些词的发音几乎都是一样的！要想解决这些词，也都是必须要用语法和，意思，前后文等综合进行矫正的！
所以大家就知道了！
听写的目的，不是把单词给写出来，或者写正确！听写的目的是帮助你快速准确的理解句子的意思！尤其是当我们听写的材料语速越来越快的时候，也只有靠语法、前后文的逻辑等综合的分析，才能够让我们有一个很好的听写的正确率！除此之外，别无他法！
听写，不是为了听单词本身！
语言学习，特别是听力学习，需要的是深入，专注，持续。不能做到持续两个月的深度学习，大家这样基础薄弱的，会一直薄弱下去。
最后的结果就是混迹于各个语言学习机构，换各种老师，都觉得他们教得无效。最后的结果，有放弃留学的，有用低的语言分数读语言走双录取的，有勉强走个学校的，真的是非常可惜！
有考友会问：
还有，可能是国内没有语言环境？
回答：
如果你不透彻、认真的学习，即使放到英文环境下，没有之前的积累，一样听不懂，在国外待个2-3年听不懂的，太多太多了。
特别是有些学习理科的考友，不用太注重语言，平时只要写论文做研究就好的。出国前英语不好，出国后绝对不可能自然就好了，绝对需要你刻苦练习才可能好。
基础10分以下的考友，必须练习辩音、听写，但10分以上的考友，就没有必要再逐字听写了，可以重点精听理解意思，顺便解决语法词汇的问题，然后再配合应试训练冲击高分。
如何练习精听理解
这里涉及到一个很重要的概念，那就是意群分析！
意群，即每个小段落的段落大意，其实在托福听力考试中，有一个做题原则，就是题目顺序和材料给出的顺序是一致的！也就是说，前面出现的题，不可能考的是后面的意群，必然围绕题干上提到的段落！知道这个原则之后，大家就能明白意群分析的重要性了，只要大家能够准确判断出什么时候教授开始讲另一件事了，那么教授讲这件事的时候，有几个小词没听清，或是个别句子走神了，也不必太惊慌！
下面小编引用张艳老师的意群分析范本，告诉大家一个有效的意群分析应该怎么做，大家可以比照范本，对于已经做过的题进行练习，看看是不是对考点了解得更透彻了呢？
Lecture1-Marine Biology (Coral Reefs)
Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in a marine biology class.
Professor
So we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs, which of course are prominent, oceanic features made of hard limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals. 定义
We’ve gone over where coral reefs are usually formed – along the edges of shallow ocean banks in tropical or subtropical regions. And the fact that they are declining at an alarming rate. 上节课重点。
But I don’t want to leave you with the impression that all is lost. There are several techniques being employed today that could prove useful in assuring the future of the reefs. 新名词引出今天课程内容。
Now, we’ve talked in depth about coral bleaching, or whitening, which as you recall, is a symptom of …well that the coral is suffering. As you know, coral is very sensitive to water temperature. Even though one or two degree Celsius rise in sea surface temperature for a relatively short amount of time can cause bleaching. Bleaching定义，形成原因。
Recently, researchers have used data collected by monitoring surface water temperatures to improve the ability of a reef to recover from bleaching. One future possibility is that improved monitoring can help predict where and when bleaching will occur, which might potentially enable us to mitigate its effects. 科学家做的事情。检测水温来预测将来。也就是拯救珊瑚的方法之一。
And there’s another technique that’s been experimented with to try to help coral reefs recover from bleaching. It’s called coral transplantation. This involves moving young coral from a healthy reef onto a degraded reef, you know, in an attempt to regenerate the degraded reef by encouraging young healthy coral to take over. 另外一个技巧，coral transplantation.
There has been some success with this, but it’s still somewhat controversial. Some scientists support it because, well for one thing, it means you don’t have to rely on the existing coral to reestablish itself because it might not be able to. But in my opinion, transplanting coral should only be used as … well as a last resort. I mean, this method is not only costly but it’s … well even if it’s successful, it still fails to address the ongoing problem, the root causes of the degradation, which really is paramount to devising an effective solution. So I don’t really take comfort in the successes they have had with transplantation. 教授对上述方法的评价及原因。
Perhaps some more constructive use of our time could be spent at researching corals that do survive, like in areas known as refugia. Refugia are areas on the reef that are seemingly, well resistant to bleaching. See, when coral reefs experience bleaching, it’s rarely a case of the whole reef being affected. There are almost always pockets of coral on the reefs that remain unaffected. And these are often the lower areas of the reef, those located in deeper water, where temperatures are lower. Now, we have evidence that corals in these locations are able to escape the destructive bleaching that affects portions of the reef in shallower or warmer water. 讲解refugia的特点。通过研究这个可以拯救珊瑚。也就是另外一个拯救方案。
So in my mind, it’s these refugia that are the key components of overall reef resilience. These should be the area of concentration for researchers to locate and protect those regions as a way to sustain coral reefs. 教授对上述方法的评价
And we can also protect the reefs by protecting the surrounding ecosystems, like mangrove forests and seagrass beds. Both of these grow in coastal waters, often in the vicinity of coral reefs. By protecting these areas, we also protect the coral. 最后一个拯救方案。通过拯救ecosystem.
Let’s take, for example, the mangrove forests. Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and well trap sediments and pollutants in water that flows through them before they enter the ocean. This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.
支持拯救生态环境的例子Mangrove forest
And fishery’s management is another key strategy. Overfishing can be seriously disruptive to coral. Fishery管理是另外一个拯救的方案。后面跟了两个更具体的例子。
Let me give you a couple of examples. Overfishing certain species of fish and shellfish like snappers, barracudas and even lobsters. Well all of these creatures feed on snails, worms and other organisms that eat coral. So depleting the number of lobsters, for example, means that we are adding to the threat of coral decline. 第一个fishery的例子。
Sea urchins are another example. They eat algae and prevent it from overwhelming the coral. Since the disappearance of sea urchins from the waters up the coast of South Florida, many coral reefs there have been smothered by the uncontrolled growth of algae.
第二个解释fishery的例子。
结构图：
开篇名词：coral reef 定义
先介绍上节内容。珊瑚礁形成的地方以及他们正在快速减少。
转折引出本节课内容拯救珊瑚的技巧。
珊瑚的面临的问题：bleaching.定义，形成。
科学家拯救珊瑚的方法之一。预测水温。
拯救珊瑚方法二，移植珊瑚。
教授对方法评价。
拯救珊瑚方法三，研究可以逃避bleaching的珊瑚所在地区，Refugia.
教授对方法的评价。
拯救珊瑚方法四，拯救ecosystem
具体例子拯救Mangrove Forest
拯救珊瑚方法五：Fishery管理
具体例子一：过度捕杀龙虾。
具体例子二：sea urchin的减少。
与资深老师对话：每日仅限前三
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